Critical Evaluation of Evidence Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthel

Question: Discuss about the Critical Evaluation of Evidence. Answer: Introduction: While more and more health research findings were published to contribute to the social life, there has been increasing concern about the quality and reliability of this information (Rai et al., 2016). Inaccurate findings may lead to imprecise applications. To prevent the misinformation, it is vital to critically appraise the existing scientific evidence for better understanding on which information can be considered as appropriate. According to Hill et al., (2001) he defined critical appraisal as a systematic process of examining evidence of the research to prove its validity, relevance, and results before using it to make the decision. This was an essential skill to informed decision-making in health care practice (Mhaskar et al., 2009). Body: Critical Appraisal of the first article of Hildt et al This part will critically appraise an article of Life context of pharmacological academic performance enhancement among university students - a qualitative approach from Hildt et al (2014). The first thing to do when analyzing a research paper is to look at the authors and their expertise, qualifications, and role in the study (Borbasi Jackson., 2016). This research was implemented by three authors named Elisabeth Hildt, Klaus Lieb and Andreas Gnter Franke. These researchers were all Professor with a lot of experiences on the research topic. Especially, the first author is an expert in neurotics as stated in the article. Through Google scholar, it is found that they had worked together on several related topics on illicit stimulants used for mental development. They also worked at the University of Mainz where the study was conducted. The research aim and questions were stated clearly in the abstract and introduction part. The sensation of pharmacological of enhancing academic performance using illicit and prescription stimulant like the Methylphenidate among the students in the university. The research question included: Why there is the use of stimulant by the student and other people in academic content? What are some of the effect experienced by users and the consideration of value? Do the leaners gain any academic advantage if they use a stimulant? What are the side effects experienced from the use of stimulant? And finally, what are some of the impacts on students life? The aim and questions of this study were specific and appropriate with authors research intention. From the literature review, it was evident that the author realized that there was lack of scientific pieces of evidence on the research topic that could be used to upkeep the pro/cognitive things in individuals who were healthy in line with the effect of smart drug. And the extent in which academic concert can be judged from getting high, parting, and other devotions are not well indicated. Besides, it was found that the widespread use of the potential cognitive drug on campuses and high school is about the very less pro-cognitive effect and side effects mentioned in the literature and given the probability of not taking drugs as prescribed and illegal drugs. It was also realized that there was no qualitative research on the topic. The explanation for the dominant sensation of academic enactment cannot be explained by the existing epidemiological studies. And can only be speculated concerning motivational factors and deeper reasons. Therefore the author may decide to eliminate some of the lack of empirical scientific data concerning real-world effects and contextual factors of academic performance enhancement. Regarding the research methodology; this was a qualitative research utilizing an extensive self-developed semi-structured interview guideline in a face-to-face setting. With the abovementioned type of research questions, a qualitative research was the most suitable method to answer them. Regarding sampling method, participants were accessed by public invitation through placards posting on public bulletin boards in the University of Mainz campus inquiring about student who had attempted to use illicit or prescription (psycho) stimulants for cognitive enhancement devotions to contact the research team secretly via email. The exclusion criteria of participant selection were shown in the method section. The study only accommodated healthy students who had no psychiatric disorder, and current doctors instructions of medication were accommodated in the findings. Due to this limitations, only a few students participated in an interview. Only 18 students have reported the non-medical use of illicit stimulants and a prescription for academic performance. And the article did not show any statement related to the saturation criteria of this population. The data analysis was conducted to ensure the objectivity with anonymous transcriptions and two independent raters. But the interviewer bias and recall bias had not discussed yet. In specific, it could be presented when the researchers asked about their experience on negative side effects or increase in mental performance or when the participant could exchange information and interview questions in advance. Hence the selection bias was pointed out and minimized by recruiting a trained psychologist and three trained interviewers. Besides, the research time and interview places were not mentioned in the article. Local Ethics of the Medical Association Rheinland approved this study, and each participant was given a free tape-recording for the entire session as well as a written informed consent of participating in the interview. So the authors followed the process of a study as shown in the book of Dickens (Dickens, 2010). Two rates were used to form independent categories. Further analysis was made using categories with congruent content which were formed by both rates. However, there was a consideration on the blinding for participants when they could inform each other about the interview questions. Six categories were identified by the author, and those categories were involving to the life setting of stimulant used to boost academic performance. In the result part entailing context of stimulant applied exceeding boosting of academic performance timing of use, subjective experience of enhancement, pressure performance, results of enhancement, pressure of performance, and objective academic results. These categories were presented by using narrative and verbatim quotes. Under each category, the authors gave the participants detailed views on the use of stimulants and CE to answer the respective research questions. In summary, it can be concluded that this article showed the appropriate research methods and matched findings with the research questions. Nevertheless, it still had some weaknesses such as some bias have not yet mentioned and discussed; no saturation criteria was stated; minor incorrect calculation: 38.9% ? 44.4% (n=8) prescription stimulants or the allowance shouldnt be informed in advance the selection process and interview Critical Appraisal of the second article of Munro et al This part will critically appraise an article of The relationship between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, academic outcomes and executive functioning from Munro et al (2017). The first author is doing her PhD program, and this research was a part of her doctoral dissertation accessible at the University of Rhode Island. The other three authors were PhD and had experiences on the research topic. They all were qualified to conduct this research. The main aim of the study is to distinguish the connection between executive function (EF) and nonmedical usage of prescription stimulants (NMUUPS) in a large sample of 5 regions in the US by the college students. Specifically, it was hypnotized that: There were high chances for the student who has reported EF as measured by BEFS to report the nonmedical use of prescribed stimulants than an average report of EF skills by another student. The performance of academic performance and EF would be moderated by NMUPS; Specifically, NMUPS was estimated to brace the relationship amid EF and academic brilliance. These hypotheses were appropriate with the literature presented in the introduction part. The author also found that there was difficulty in education for the students who were experiencing EF deficit and these students were being involved in risky behaviors. From the literature, it can be stated that the NMUPS are used by the students who have EF deficit to help them overcome this deficit so that they can excel in academic. However, up to now, no researcher has researched to determine the relationship between EF and NMUPS among the population of college students. So, they hope those study findings would be valuable in deceitful inhibition and intervention programs. Regarding research methods, this was a quantitative study using measures of The Stimulant Survey Questionnaire (SSQ), BDEFS and grade point average (GPA). Faculty and staff assisted in doing sampling. They forwarded emails containing a link to the survey to the students who were willing to participate and were eligible. The same data was also posted on the official Facebook web page of the public university to attract participants. The interested students who provided consent were interviewed. A total of 308 undergraduate students recruited from six public US universities. This sampling method also ensured the blinding enrolled for the study. However, it also revealed some selection and information bias that had been discussed in the limitation of the research. Instruments and its reliability and validity are the important criteria to evaluate the quality of research (Ingham-Broomfield, 2008) (Polit Hungler, 2013). The SSQ and BDEFS that respectively measure the nonmedical use of in struction stimulant medication in universities in the error of their time in school and to evaluate the measurement of EF of adults in daily life were necessary questionnaires to attend to the research question. Good reliability was demonstrated as a proof of high internal consistency. IRB proved this study at six public universities located in southern, northern, southwest, south-east, northwest, and central-Midwest of US but not from Ethical Committee. Additionally, no statement was declared for informed consent. Hence, it was not followed the standard of an ethical issue, and the participant might be not free from harm (Dickens, 2010). Regarding the results, it would be consistent with two above hypotheses and concisely presented by tables and interpretation that was more visual for the readers (Burns Grove., 2009) (Richardson-Tench et al., 2016). However, the information in the tables and the interpretation was not quite relevant. For instance, the population of the endorsed participant with an idea of students nonmedical use stimulant that is prescribed while reading, in the final week more than 71% use stimulant that is not prescribed. 70.5% are used during exams while during tests (62.7%) were shown in table 2 as wrote in the article. P value also was not marked in the tables. It was hard for readers to follow the research findings. To sum up, this study had some strengths involving in good instruments and data analysis, but the weakest points were ethical issue and presentation as well as interpretation of findings. The application of evidence in practice should not be ignored because of individual barriers of the study population (Greenhalgh et al., 2016). The targeted group was the students who normally lack understanding on using stimulants. As indicated in both studies, stimulants were used not only for academic performance enhancement but other purposes. They also have limited skills to refuse of using this kind of smart drugs. Besides, they lack research skill to understand thoroughly on the risk of using drugs whereas Munros study also has not proved the relationship between stimulant use and EF deficits. It is clear that there were limited readers in this research topic. The topic related to psychology and neuroscience is quite difficult that not everyone can understand it. Concerning organizational barriers, it was costly access these research papers. In other hands, the universities would not interfere too much with students life. Therefore, the support for the student will be lacking. Also, there was still a long way for researchers to have shreds of evidence on the risk of using smart drugs for academic enhancement. More resources and budget will be needed. In Munro et als article, the PICO elements were provided clearly while in Hildt et als study, there was no comparable group due to the type and design of this qualitative research. The population of two studies was also the university scholars who were popularly using the nonmedical use of prescription drugs Conclusion To sum up, the answer to the clinical question is unclear. It cant be concluded whether stimulants increase academic performance in university students or not. It depends much on the way to implement a study to produce research findings on that topic. Further studies should be conducted on this problem, and some meta-analysis based on applied research findings will be able to give the most reliable answer for that question. References Borbasi, S., Jackson, D. (Eds.). (2016). Navigating the maze of research: Enhancing nursing and midwifery practice. (4th ed.). Chatswood, Australia: Elsevier Dickens, B. M. (2010). Ethical issues in health.MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES-Volume VII, 92. Greenhalgh, T., Bidewell, J., Crisp, E., Lambros, A., Warland, J. (2016). Understanding Research Methods for Evidence-Based Practice in Health 1e. Grove, S. K., Burns, N., Gray, J. (2013). The practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis and generation of evidence (7th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier/Saunders Hildt, E., Lieb, K., Franke, A. G. (2014). Life context of pharmacological academic performance enhancement among university students - a qualitative approach. BMC Medical Ethics, 15(1), 23-23. doi:10.1186/1472-6939-15-23 Hill, A., Spittlehouse, C. (2001).What is critical appraisal?(Vol. 3). Hayward Medical Communications. Ingham-Broomfield, R. (2008). A nurses' guide to the critical reading of research.Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, The,26(1), 102. Mhaskar, R., Emmanuel, P., Mishra, S., Patel, S., Naik, E., Kumar, A. (2009). Critical appraisal skills are essential to informed decision-making.Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases,30(2), 112119. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7184.62770 Munro, B. A., Weyandt, L. L., Marraccini, M. E., Oster, D. R. (2017). The relationship between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, executive functioning and academic outcomes. Addictive Behaviors, 65, 250-257. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.08.023 Polit, F. D., Beck, C. T. (2013). Essentials Nursing Research Methods, Appraisal, and Utilization. Lippincott, Willams Wilkins. Raj, S., Sharma, V. L., Singh, A. J., Goel, S. (2016). Evaluation of Quality and readability of health information websites identified through indias major search engines.Advances in preventive medicine,2016. Richardson-Tench, M., Taylor, B., Kermode, S., Roberts, K. (2016). Inquiry in health care (5th [ACU] ed.). South Melbourne, Australia: Cengage Learning.

Mahendra Singh Dhoni free essay sample

As a CEO on whom ride the hopes of a demanding billion people, the captain of Team India is like a batsman facing a flurry of nasty Yorkers. Its a leadership test that can make the most acclaimed CEO cringe. But not MSD. The captain of the Indian cricket team delivered a dream result to his shareholders, the joys of which surpassed the benefits of any dividend or bonus. In the tough final against a strong Sri Lankan team, the grit and guts displayed by Mahendra Singh Dhoni at Mumbais Wankhede stadium has corporate captains of India singing glories of his leadership qualities For juniors, Dhoni followed the principle of support with stick. Ram Kumar calls it positive manipulation. When Dhoni comes out and tells the media that Zaheer Khan is a great bowler and he will deliver, he is being positively demanding. The confidence expressed in public puts positive pressure. We will write a custom essay sample on Mahendra Singh Dhoni or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some leaders do this by invoking fear, he says. Team building is just a part of the job. How about dealing with the competitors and handling volatile situations? Santrupt Misra, Group Director, HR, at Aditya Birla Group, gives Dhoni top marks in innovating and experimenting in real time. Dhoni continuously tries to innovate and experiment (e. . when everybody said he should go with Ashwin, he played Nehra). This means he knows both the game as well as the people very well, which, of course, is another great leadership trait. He is not overly ecstatic when he succeeds nor is he utterly down and out when he loses. In a volatile environment, this is a great trait to have. Getting the best out of your team doesnt mean you dont face tough situations yourself. Says Suvojoy Sengupta, MD India, Booz amp; Co: Dhoni isnt afraid to put himself in the firing line, even at the risk of personal failure—as he proved in the final. Besides he can keep the competitors guessing on a few things. Inspirational leaders keep some tricks up their sleeve and use them to turn around seemingly hopeless situations. MSD is a master at this. Given the abject failure in 2007 World Cup and then, under MSD, the subsequent trail of victories, Dhoni is the turnaround man Indian companies would love to have as CEO. We should be a performer and we should demonstrate the same to our team. Performance is itself the most effective communication down the line. 2. Leader has to be humble in way to consider part and parcel of the team and not above the team. 3. Give genuine respect and trust to the team members. 4. Allow them to experiment and take risk. 5. In case of failure, encourage him / her to introspect and do it next time with more vigour and better planning. 6. Make every one in the team feel that , even though we are leaders, we are just one among them. 7. We should also believe in the ones who failed in the Team. At crucial times a team member who was not able to deliver might do miracles. 8. As a leader, be calm in extreme situations and lead the team from front. 9. Share the credit of success with your team members and praise them in public. 10. Above all believe in every member in the team. Managing under change is a vital attribute to be learned from the leadership under Dhoni. A good leader doesn’t mind going out and exploring. Dhoni’s risk taking ability, inclusiveness and time-pressure qualities are good examples of leaders on the business side. If you notice, instead of pressing teammates to win, Dhoni told them to just enjoy the game. Also, he has mentioned at several forums that he believes to live in the present and not worry about future or past.. Dhoni’s leadership style represents teamwork, empowerment and confidence. Dhoni utilizes every team member at his disposal and brings out the best performance whether he is a senior or junior player. He provides opportunity for every team member to prove themselves and contribute to the best of their abilities. Remember, he gave the last over to Joginder Sharma who doesn’t have much a track record. , By putting such a person in front of a challenging task, it tells the person that the leader has confidence in his abilities and will be fired up to put in 120 per cent. This happened with Joginder Sharma in two critical matches, where he was hit all around the ground and still given the last over. He delivered on both instances! Leaders need to be assertive yet humble and must rarely allow their personal egos to be an obstacle for the success of their organization and that’s what M.S. Dhoni showing us through his current leadership style. Another learning from Dhoni is about, Optimal utilization of resources, which is vital for any business. Instead of giving excuses for lack of best resources, especially with the current scenario economic crisis, it is better to perform in whatever resources a leader has to his disposal His ‘people management’ skills tell us, he is truly a great leader. When team members see their leader calm in extreme situations, they will not be rattled. It will enable them to focus on their work and do what is expected of them. Dhoni was always calm – whether the bowler started off the last over in the finals with a wide ball or the batsman played a series of dot balls in a slog over. Mahendra Singh Dhoni is a forthright, straightforward cricketer unburdened by the baggage that generally accompanies a man onto the field, thereby restricting his outlook. At once he is intelligent and simple, aggressive and canny, tough and respectful. Let us have a look at the journey of â€Å"Maahi† since from 2004 when he entered the Indian Cricket team from a state which hasn’t got a bigger name in cricket – Ranchi. His first Inning of 183 Runs against Sri-Lanka made us remember his long hair look which made him hit the mind of all cricket fans. The opportunist MS Dhoni proved himself in the first match itself and kept the same trend in the next three years to appeal BCCI to make him skipper of India cricket team in 2007. Then the rest is History. He managed pretty well in the journey from a pinch heater who was known for his â€Å"helicopter shot† to throw the ball out of the ground to a successful Indian Captain. MS Dhoni has been in controversy some time for his statement but he always managed to keep a team spirit together. A support to in-form batsman and also to a out of form batsman from him made him a great leader. In few events he admitted that he normally takes decision on the field according to the situation, when he was asked about his strategy. He repeated it in other events when he was asked the same question and also added that Cricket is a simple game and people make it complicated with words like â€Å"strategy†. During a match once, I heard a commentator stating about him that he has seen Dhoni playing cricket with single expression. The same thing has also been observed by many people that Dhoni has never been panic in hard situation or never been over confident in about to win situation. The other great quality in him – â€Å"self-belief† can be observed while his captaincy but the final match of World Cup 2011 can not be forgotten by anyone. After losing 3 early wickets, Dhoni decided to enter the ground to hit the Sri-Lankan bowler where other experts were advising him to put Yuvaraj Singh who was inform during the World Cup. At the end of the match, he did not disappoint any of us and hit a six to win the world Cup. Many of us often says that the luck of Dhoni always works but do not forget that A good leader are always bold enough to take decisions which also can be seen in the journey of his captaincy. An incident is when Misbah-ul-haq was batting in the last over of the match and the ball has been given to Jogindhar Sharma. Fortunately we won at the end but such experiment always works for Dhoni where he put casual bowler like Sehwag, Sachin, and Suresh Raina to shock a batsman with unusual delivery. In few matches, such decisions from Dhoni lead the team to lose the match but he admitted instantly his mistake hich is again a great quality of a leader and try to learn out of it. Quick mind of Dhoni often reads the game situation and the weaknesses of opposite team help Dhoni to form a strategy instantly. What MS Dhoni has inbuilt is a skill to manage his mind on the spot. Mind management is a huge subject and lot of stuff has been written on it but if you really want to see them live or not interested in reading books and still want to learn, simply watch Dhoni playing on the field and observe him attending press conference after every match.

A Good Opinion Through Effective Argument Essays

A Good Opinion Through Effective Argument EssaysThe Piercy Barbie Doll Argument Essay that you are about to read will help you in enhancing your grades. But, you should remember that you have to be diligent in carrying out the tasks that you need to do every time. Take note that each and every task should be done properly. The key to accomplish the task is to write a good argument.Examine the problem that you have to face. You have to analyze whether you can really get rid of your bad grade or not. Nowadays, there are many ways to get rid of your bad grade such as organizing yourself better, attending classes more often, performing all the task well and doing it diligently. But, it is not enough that you can surely get rid of your grades. You should also know how to improve your grades on a regular basis.You can give your best in writing an excellent presentation of your work. However, writing an argument is just like speaking up for a point that you want to bring forth. You can spea k your point by using persuasive language that would be noticed by the reader.Thus, by using persuasive words, you can persuade people to see things your way. After that, you need to give emphasis to the argument in order to motivate them. After all, the readers are your allies.These are some useful tools that can help you in improving your grades. However, this is not enough. You should also consider getting help from an article writer who is well versed in writing persuasive essays. He or she can help you get rid of your bad grade.An example of an argument essay that can help you out in getting rid of your bad grade is the one written by Rebecca Dunn and Katy Pescatore. These two girls both won the contest of the best argument essay in the recent academic year. So, if you have already written your thesis paper, this is just the right opportunity for you to improve your grades.These two authors have written effective essays that can impress others. However, it is also very importan t that you can be sensitive to the importance of using persuasive language. You have to make sure that the style and the wordings of your essays are similar to theirs.This is just an illustration of how to improve your grades by writing an argument essay. This is just a basic guide in improving your grades by composing persuasive essays. Remember that it is very crucial to be sensitive to the importance of using persuasive language.

Brahms essays

Brahms essays Johannes Brahms was born in Hamburg on May 7, 1833. He was one of the major composers of the 19th century, whose works combined the best of the classical and romantic schools. He first studied violin and cello with his father, a double bass player for the Hamburg opera. Brahms became a talented pianist: he gave his first public recital at the age of fourteen and made his living by playing in dance halls and taverns. In 1853, Brahms went on tour with Eduard Remenyl, a Hungarian violinist. During this tour, Johannes met Franz Liszt. Brahms, however, never became personally friendly with Liszt. On the same tour, Brahms met Joseph Joachim, who in turn introduced him to Robert Schumann. Schumann had a huge impact on Brahms musical career. Schumann called Brahms the coming genius of German music. He was so impressed by Brahms unfinished compositions that he wrote a raving magazine article about them. Schumann then arranged for the publication of Brahms first songs and piano sonatas. When Schumann suffered a nervous collapse and tried to commit suicide, Brahms rushed to Dusseldorf to be by Claras side (Shumanns wife). His motives were those of a loyal friend, by he soon fell in love with her. She greatly valued Brahms support, but kept him at a proper distance. In 1856, Schumann died. Brahms remained a good friend with his wife Clara until she died in 1896. Brahms never married. After being rejected for a post as conductor in Hamburg, Brahms visited Vienna and made a home for himself there in 1868. Although he earned a good income from publishers and from playing and conducting his works, Brahms always lived frugally. He lived simply in modest lodgings; enjoyed his food but was not extravagant; his clothes were out of fashion and often untidy, yet always clean. His choral work in Vienna prepared him for a famous piece called the German Requiem, which was based on biblical texts rather than the Rom...

Cycles and patterns in the biosphere Research Paper

Cycles and patterns in the biosphere - Research Paper Example The biosphere provides a room where a cycle of biological process like decomposition, nitrogen fixing, photosynthesis of plants and respiration takes place. The ingredients also cycle in a way that they the biosphere allows the living things to take and also return them to the other spheres in a pragmatic way ( Smil &Vaclav 23-58). There are several factors that determine the biosphere which include; water, shelter, light and nutrients. Climatic conditions that vary from different places on the earth also influence the biosphere in a big way. These factors influence the cycles that take place upon the earth like the oxygen cycle, nitrogen cycle, geochemical cycles, biochemical cycle and the photosynthesis process. These processes ensure there is life on earth, for instance, when plants release the oxygen and the animals breathe in oxygen and release back the carbon dioxide that is used for photosynthesis. As a result of the biosphere cycles and process, the earth has not been altered and therefore provide a friendly environment for all living things ( Jorgensen, Sven and Brian 3-20). Oxygen Cycle Its the biochemical process that shows the movement of oxygen from the atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere which is done through the process of photosynthesis ( Alcamo & I E 234-260). As the hydrologic cycle enables movement of water from the sky down to the earth, oxygen also is cycled in a certain pattern in the environment. In the process of photosynthesis, plants use the sunlight energy to convert carbon dioxide, then water into carbohydrates and oxygen. Plants play integral key role in the oxygen cycle because they breathe in carbon dioxide and breathe out oxygen; photosynthesis includes plants that grow in the land areas as well as the water and oceans. There is also a small percentage of oxygen that is produced from photolysis when energy through radiation breaks down the water in the atmosphere and nitrogen oxide into atomic elements, including more compone nts hence leaving some oxygen in the air. Animals breathe in the oxygen produced from the plants in the process of photosynthesis and breath out carbon dioxide through the process of respiration. The carbon dioxide breathed out by animals is therefore released into the atmosphere hence forming the continuous cycle of oxygen. In the process, plants during the day, they use the oxygen to break down the carbohydrates; same as the animals break down the carbohydrates during respiration. For the rate of metabolism to be maintained, plants do absorb oxygen from the air and give carbon dioxide to the air like the animals do. Plants produce a lot of oxygen during the day as compared to the night because of availability of sunlight, although in times whereby plants consume a lot of oxygen during the night, can lead to low oxygen levels in marine areas. Carbon dioxide is also released into the atmosphere when organism decay and bacteria consume oxygen through decay mechanism and process. The cycling process of oxygen also takes a place between the biosphere and lithosphere when the marine biosphere creates calcium carbonate element that contains oxygen. As ( Harman& Rebecca 50-100) points out, the biosphere extracts nutrients from the rock elements which enables a release of oxygen into the atmosphere and that the ozone layer has been created in the stratosphere due to the oxygen that is

E-commerce in the life of Qatari Women Research Paper

E-commerce in the life of Qatari Women - Research Paper Example From the perspective of a business, IT allowed companies to operate online and reach global customers at the most cost efficient way. One of the dimensions of IT is e-commerce and it acts as a tool that facilitates online business. In addition, it has also helped customers to carry out online purchases irrespective of the time and geographic location. The negative factors on the other hand appeared in the form of security threats. Before getting further deeper into the study, a brief overview of e-commerce is presented below. The notion of e-commerce can be traced back during the epoch when the concept of the internet just came into light. During the earlier days, e-commerce was deemed as the process through which companies used to carry out their transaction over the electronic platforms (Majumdar, Cave, and Vogelsang, 2005). During this period, the concept of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) has also emerged and companies used these tools to tra nsact in an efficient manner. These technologies have allowed companies to complete transactions electronically and companies were hugely benefitted by it. However, the commercialization of e-commerce only became possible during the early 1990s and as soon as it became commercialized a number of business houses such as eBay and amazon.com have taken their business online (Reynolds, 2004). In the early stages, companies had shown more interest in using the internet as a tool for promoting the business, but for the last decade it companies became more active in selling their products and services over the online platforms (eCommerce-Lund, 2004). From the point of view of customers, e-commerce eased several kinds of activities. For example, it allowed customers to shop during their convenient time and also allowed them to carry out shopping sitting inside the home (Bhasker, 2006). The sales figures also experienced huge growth. According to reports, the growth was around 32% in 2012, i n comparison to 2011 (Provost, 2012). Apart from e-shopping, e-commerce also allowed customers to carry out banking transactions. Hence, it is evident that e-commerce now acts as part and parcel of the life of human beings. Executive Summary This study seeks to shed light on the impact of e-commerce in the life of Qatari Women. The primary objective was to identify the problems faced by Qatari women in using e-commerce in their daily life. In order to address the objectives, the study will carry out a survey of 10 people so as to know their perception about e-commerce. In order to analyze the findings, the study used qualitative approach. Both primary and secondary research was undertaken to identify the problems associated with e-commerce in the life of Qatari women. The key findings of the study were that Qatari women face problems related to the payment gateway, security issues, delivery issues and issues pertaining to terms and condition. In order to triumph over these issues, t he Qatari women should make themselves more familiar with such platforms and should only use authentic platforms. Similarly, the government must ensure that the websites are transparent enough and is offering secure payment gateways. The Problem The women of Qatar exercise full right so as to take a proactive role in the society and simultaneously act as a vital element in the development process of the country. With the modernization of the society, the Qatari women have also adopted themselves with the shifting market dynamics (qatarembassy,

McDonalds-arch delux burger Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

McDonalds-arch delux burger - Essay Example After a detailed analysis, recommendations would be stated for this case. Ineffective Advertising Campaign McDonald’s hired an advertisement agency named Fallon McElligot for the advertisements of Arch Deluxe Burger. The amount ascertained for such advertisement campaign was $100 million. The advertisement showed that the children are getting confused as they could not understand what the Arch Deluxe Burger are all about, neither are they liking its look or taste, not any toys are given away with these burgers. It is known as rebel marketing. The motive was to show that the Arch Deluxe Burger was not for the children. Another advertisement of Arch Deluxe Burger showed that the executive chef of McDonalds is explaining the professionals in the elevator why the Arch Deluxe Burger is tasty and motivates them to eat (Kord â€Å"McDonalds Arch Deluxe Burger Commercial†). This advertisement was considered awful and was not liked by the people. The message that was delivered t hrough the advertisement was also another drawback which led to the downfall. The message said that â€Å"Burger with the Grown-up Taste.† It was tagged as sophisticated product not for kids. In one of the commercial it was seen that the children motivated her parents to go to McDonalds by just saying Arch Deluxe Burger. ... It was very odd that McDonalds were parents visit especially to accompany their children as it serves foods which is thoroughly liked by the children and the parents, is offering menus with is not for the children. The product Arch Deluxe Burger was for the adults as the taste of the product was considered more sophisticated. The advertisement campaign for the Arch Deluxe showed only adults loved to consume this burger, while the children hated it, as they did not like its taste. McDonalds spent heavily to reveal that its target customers were not children. In a family restaurant if a particular menu is restricted to only adults, then problems are bound to occur. This was the case for Arch Deluxe, and the customers discarded the product completely (Lubow â€Å"Steal This Burger†). Positioning Strategy Arch Deluxe Burger was a failure because of the way the product was positioned. The whole idea behind the positioning of Arch Deluxe burger was to show that it was a product not meant for children. It was revealed that no one went to McDonald to have sophisticated food or delicacies. People visited McDonalds for fun, convenience and to have delicious burger. The customers went to McDonalds because of their friendliness, tasty burger, cleanliness, and consistency. With this type of product positioning, McDonalds lost touch with its customers, and the children who are the major customers of the company also lost interest somehow in the burgers offered by the retailer. It was said that the product, Arch Deluxe burger was the result of a comprehensive research. This research revealed that people would like to have those burgers which are specifically designed for the adults or grownups. However, when the actually product was launched and