French Revolution the Solution to Class Inequality

Enlighted: The Solution To Class Inequality. The French Revolution was one of the most important events that occurred in the history of France. The revolution crumpled the Old Regime and completely transformed the social and political system of France. The people of France sought to establish a more egalitarian society through their newly created Republic. When Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Baron de Montesquieu introduced individual liberty, natural rights and equality the ideas of revolution emerged. As the ideas from the Enlightenment spread across the country, people start to vision a new government that could be the solution to the on going class struggle. The Enlightenment and the American†¦show more content†¦The fact that Jefferson based the legitimacy of the American colonies’ independence on Locke’s theory of natural rights proved to the world that the Enlightenment ideals were not just conceptual ideas. The American Revolution inspired the French Revoluti on in many ways. First, when the French saw the American Revolution was based on the Enlightenment ideals, they start to reevaluate the ideals and apply them to the conditions in France. The American Revolution shows that the ideals from Enlightenment can actually be applied, and were not just conceptual ideas. Second, when the French army intervened in the American Revolution the cultural and experience exchange between the two armies allow the French soldiers to see a society with no aristocracy and class distinction. In France, soldiers can only be promoted to lieutenants, because the higher ranks were only available for nobilities. However, in America â€Å"social distinctions would be based on merit rather than birth (The West, 611).† The soldiers brought the ideal of equality back to France after the American Revolution, and the ideal of a new republic governmentShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between The French Revolution And American Revolution1067 Words   |  5 Pages The American Revolution and the French Revolution The late 1700’s was a time for cutting-edge inventions, literary and philosophical achievements, upcoming and rising leaders, and lastly, revolutions. The American revolution took place from 1770 to 1783. The French Revolution began in 1789 and lasted for a decade Both the American and French Revolution occurred at the same time and the citizens were both fighting for freedom from a monarchy, there are many important similarities and differencesRead MoreThe French Revolution Was An Era Where There Was A Dramatic1342 Words   |  6 PagesThe French Revolution was an era where there was a dramatic political and social change. The supporters of the French Revolution came across problems such as women s lack of a right to citizenship, Absolute Monarchy of the Feudal System, and the lack of rights of the clergy and nobility. The supporters of the French Revolution attempted to solve these problems by abolishing the Feudal system, and the establishment of a republic. They also created steps towards resolving the lack of women’s rightsRead MoreSocialism And The Post Revolution Into The Pre Industrial Period Essay1440 Words   |  6 Pagesof the post revolution into the pre industrial period, was nearly universally marked by the race to empow er the working class. Yet, within this broad brush of socialism, Karl Marx, Robert Owen, and Gracchus Babeuf differed in their views of how capitalism must be combatted and how a new society should be formed. Despite their differences in procedure and motive, these three thinkers still formed a paradigm shift that would ignite class struggle and set in motion historical revolutions into the presentRead MoreImportance Of The Views Of Karl Marx And Abraham Kuyper1709 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent ideas, people are able to pick up more information and better solutions. This is where the saying two brains is greater than one comes to play. While looking at different views people can come up with different ideas on how to solve a problem. The main purpose is to look at Marx’s and Kuyper’s ideas of human nature, main causes of social inequality and economic hardship, the solution, assumptions that come with the solutions, and if their ideas hold up in the twenty-first cent ury. Marx has theRead MoreIncredible British and French Revolution1701 Words   |  7 Pagesthe beginning of Europe’s two incredible revolutions which are the British and French Revolutions. The British Revolution is very different from the French Revolution. Many different events and issues led up to the British and French Revolutions that make them different from one another. For example the primary factor that led to the British Revolution was the power of religion. While, the French Revolution was based upon feudalism as well as the inequality of the third estate. There are many differentRead MoreThe Influence of Rationalism on the French Revolution1509 Words   |  7 PagesApril 2013 The Influence of Rationalism on the French Revolution What was the driving force behind the French Revolution? Many people may say it was financial, or political, and while I would agree that these things were part of the force that propelled the French Revolution, I would assert that the philosophies of the Enlightenment were the dominant force that blasted late eighteenth century France into revolution . In his article, â€Å"The French Revolution: Ideas and Ideologies â€Å"Maurice Cranston ofRead MoreThe Tension Between The Individual And The Community1604 Words   |  7 Pagesproblem in today’s society and into the future. There is no society or government that has escaped this problem, whether you are socialist, communist, democratic, etc. this tension persists. The tensions exist because mostly in areas of extreme class struggle or foreign countries at odds. The ancient Greeks made city states that functioned as their society. These were small, usually consisting of a population of around eight to ten thousand people. Some of the famous city states are SpartaRead More Causes of the French Revolution Essay2786 Words   |  12 Pagespowers and not the people. Inequality fosters resentment. How would you feel if your voice wasn’t heard? The concept of inequality is not exclusive to the French Revolution. In fact, these variations are seen within our modern relationships, social structures, and political structures—a few of which are outlined above. In regards to the French Revolution, the misrepresentation felt among the Third Estate at the end of the 18th century was a factor of the outbreak of the Revolution. However, this sentimentRead MoreThe Rise Of The Industrial Revolution1464 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"If I had asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses,† said Henry Ford. The Industri al Revolution was a stage in the evolution of human society in which a lot of change was effected, not only because of all the new technology being invented, but in the structure of society. As people started to stand up for their rights and rejecting the long-standing institution of wealth determining status, the Old Regime had to adapt. France’s Constitution of 1791 had one law that classifiedRead MoreThe French Revolution During The Late 18th Century And What Were The Ideas That Drove It? Essay2133 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Why there was a revolution in France in the late 18th century and what were the ideas that drove it? The French Revolution is described as an era of philosophical, political as well as social turmoil in the socio-political history of France and the whole of Europe. During the time, the French polity went through radical transformation to forms that are based on Enlightenment principles of antimonarchism, nationality as well as rights. These transformations were complemented by fierce

A Comparison of Great Scientists in History Essay

Socrates was an Ancient Greek philosopher who lived from 469-399 B.C. Much of what he knew he learned from another famous Ancient Greek philosopher, Plato. Concerning logic and human behavior in general, â€Å"Socrates’ life was inspired by discussion and debate with both the young of Athens and the leading philosophers of his day† (Daintith, Vol. 9 93). He introduced methodical and ordered thinking. Socrates is quoted as having said, â€Å"It seemed to me a superlative thing to know the explanation of everything, why it comes to be, why it perishes, and why it is† (Daintith, Vol. 9 93). This summarizes what he sought to discover and understand throughout the entirety of his life. Socrates is a genuine example of the philosophers and scientists†¦show more content†¦Curiously, unlike most other philosophers, Aristotle studied zoology and discussed it often. â€Å"Aristotle made extensive observations and descriptions of many different animals and may be considered the first to show a serious interest in the field.† (Franck 57). Other than his interest in animals, Aristotle is another typical example of what philosophers and scientists were researching and exploring in his time of Ancient Greece. Almost two millennia later, there was the Renaissance, or rebirth of interest in studying science and technology. However, two new interests had arisen; medicine and astronomy. One such scientist is a very good demonstration of what most scientists of the time where doing in the field of astronomy. Galileo Galilei, who lived from 1564-1642 was an Italian astronomer and physicist â€Å"†¦whose methods made him the first truly ‘modern’ scientist. He made highly significant contributions in the fields of gravitation, motion, and astronomy, but he came into conflict with the Catholic Church over his views about the universe.† (Allaby 24) In 1581, Galileo entered the University of Pisa. While there, he studie d medicine. Not being his favorite subject, Galileo quickly developed a passion for mathematics. He improved the telescope originally invented by Zacharias Janssen and Jacob Metius. One day, Galileo looked into his telescope and up out into the universe. â€Å"His initial reaction was sheerShow MoreRelatedComparative Politics Essay1392 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Those who only know one country know no country.† – Seymour Martin Lipset. The scholar Guy Swanson once said, â€Å"Thinking without comparison is unthinkable. And, in the absence of comparison, so is all scientific thought and scientific research.† (cited in Ragin, 1992). As such, comparison is necessary for the development of political science. The ‘art of comparing’ can be seen as what experimentation is to most sciences – the principal and most effective way to test theory. (Peters, 1998) This essayRead More Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz Essay1631 Words   |  7 Pagesbut clearly possessed a deep interest in natural history and science. â€Å"I spent most of the time I could spare†¦in hunting the neighboring woods and meadows for birds, insects, and land and fresh water shells† (Lurie 9). Throughout his childhood and adolescence, his curiosities about nature and its origins drove him to become a prominent figure in natural history, zoology, and ichthyology. Louis Agassiz commenced his education in natural history at the universities of Zurich, Heidelberg, andRead MoreGenetically Modified Foods863 Words   |  4 PagesThe history of biotechnology and genetically modified (GM) foods has a history of opposing sides. The two opposing sides argue on the ethical standpoint of the act of genetically modifying plants and animals. They also argue on the health problems that the foods may cause for people that eat it. Going towards the future, people question whether GM foods have a positive or negative effect on humans. GM foods cause many assorted viewpoints consisting of positive and negative effects based off ofRead MoreThe Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Essay1389 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscovered something amazing, and he slowly started to share his discovery with the world. When the cells finally began growing in Gey’s lab it was seen as a huge advance in the world of science, seeing as no one had succeeded beforehand, this was a great accomplishment on his part. However, Henrietta was never told of this or how important her cells had become, she simply continued living without knowing that the cancerous cells inside her were continuing to grow despite receiving â€Å"treatment† fromRead MoreScience Of Space Exploration And Identification Of The Moon1406 Words   |  6 Pagesthe moon for thousands of years. Scientists have been documenting, discovering, and debating this body for ages. Centuries of research have catalyzed discussion concerning the Moon’s origin, innovative development of space exploration, and identification of the Moon’s features. By addressing and analyzing scientist’s data on these topics – lunar formation theories, moon landing missions, and specific lunar features – we may gain fur ther understanding of the history and characteristics of Earths’ MoonRead MoreThe Universe : Are We Alone?1679 Words   |  7 PagesIt is one of the most important and complex questions known to man: are we alone? The universe is vast beyond comprehension and seemingly infinite. Scientists like to explain the universe’s incredible size by using the simple comparison, â€Å"There are more stars in the universe than there are grains of sand on all the beaches on Earth.† Given how little of the universe we have searched for life, concluding that there is certainly no outside life is like filling a pot with water from the ocean, examiningRead MoreIs There A Place For Ethics?1075 Words   |  5 Pagesmoral right to work on the practical exploitation of atomic energy? Regardless of whether the outcome of such a diabolic weapon is morally defensible, the burning question remains if it is ethical to use theoretical knowledge of physics to destroy great masses of peop le, civilians to be more specific. As brought to light in the thought-provoking drama Copenhagen, the debate regarding usage of nuclear bombs continues to be an issue of modern civilization, an issue that still vexes the moral systemsRead MoreBriefly Explain What Is Meant by the â€Å"Scientific Revolution† That Took Place in Seventeenth Century Europe, and How It Marked a Departure from Ancient and Medieval Philosophy.1603 Words   |  7 Pagesable to come up with an understanding of gravity. He developed laws and new ideas, which could describe every facet of gravity in the universe. This was completely new and very revolutionary. It is considered the start of the modern science age. A great many other men lived and contributed in that time period as well, but those were some of the biggest and most well known. The reason it is believed to mark a departure from ancient and medieval philosophy because people felt confident that they couldRead MorePrisoners of Henrietta La cks, and the Value of Their Fate740 Words   |  3 Pagesviewed as highly unethical and forceful by many. Skloot, Rebecca. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. New York: Crown Publishers, 2010. Print. In the Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, Rebecca Skloot not only argues her point, but also does a great job at informing and teaching her readers the vast risks prisoners were susceptible to while being used by doctors as human guinea pigs. Skloot makes many references to different potentially deadly diseases that were injected into prisoners for furtherRead MoreFiber Optic Communication975 Words   |  4 Pagesfibre optic communication †¢ Brief introduction to fibre optics and fibre optic communication History †¢ Beginnings of Fibre optics and Fibre optic communication †¢ Development of fibre optic communication through the years Present †¢ Current state of fibre optic communication †¢ Current uses of fibre optic communication †¢ Advantages and disadvantage using fibre optic communications †¢ Comparisons with other forms of communication (copper wiring) Future †¢ Future uses and technology updates

Essay about Analysis of Chapters 1 through 8 of Great...

Analysis of Chapters 1 through 8 of Great Expectations Plot and Setting- The plot starts out with a little boy name Phillip Pirrip. It is a first person narrative about a boy back in the nineteenth century. The first eight chapters deal mostly with Pip’s childhood years. It also deals with who Pip is, and his family. In the beginning of the story Pip introduces himself, and introduces his dead parents. He is in the graveyard, and then a scary looking man comes up. The man threatens him. The plot of the story I think is good because it deals a lot with the struggles in a child. He has no one to turn to. The author really helped us relate to the story. Pip gets in trouble at Christmas time. He gets hit with â€Å"The Tickler†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Miss Havisham secretly wants Estella to break Pip’s heart. She is a very obscure lady. Biddy is a character that cares very much for Pip. She understands Pip more than Pip does. Pip doesn’t like Biddy, because she is to common. She is the better girl though. Personal Response- So far I really enjoy the book. Charles Dickens really pulls me into the book. He uses great figurative language that makes you feel sorry for a character. The people in this book seem so innocent and harmless. Well, except the guy that threatened Pip. They all also seem to live hard lives. They don’t have all the benefits that we have today. They have to scrounge around for stuff we never would have to scrounge around for. What is really neat about it, is that they get an enjoyment out of life. They are not well off either. I can’t wait to read on further into Charles Dickens novel. Vocabulary- So far in this novel there is no vocabulary that really comes to mind. I though I would use this section to talk about figurative language. Charles Dickens uses a lot of figurative language. He says that when Pip goes up into his room, he is in the dark. Literally that means he does not have a candle, so therefore he is in the dark. Figuratively we can interpret it in many ways. One way is to say that Pip isn’t a very smart kid. He is and ignorant person. When someone says that someone is in the dark, they usually mean that they are naà ¯ve. Later on in the story, PipShow MoreRelatedHow Effective Leadership Leads The Great Creativity And Innovation Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesLeads To Great Creativity And Innovation Name Institution Subject Instructor Date Abstract Table of contents Abstract 2 List of Figures 3 List of tables 3 Chapter 1 Introduction and Background (1000words) 4 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Background to the study 4 1.3 The research problem 4 1.4 Rationale (reason for the study) 4 1.5 Aims and objectives of the study 4 1.6 Research questions 4 1.7 The relevance of the study 4 1.8 Structure of the dissertation 5 Chapter 2 LiteratureRead MoreOrganisational Culture and Motivation1496 Words   |  6 PagesProposed Methodology Project Plan Sources of Reading INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALE As Desson and Clouthier (2010) state, culture is an important factor in both attracting and retaining desirable employees. 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Copyright  © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall. 1-1 The Tools of Strategic Analysis Walt Disney Company 1984 Profits: $242 Million Theme Park Operations: 77 percent of profits Consumer Products: 22 percent of profits Filmed Entertainment: 1 percent of profits Copyright  © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-2 The Tools of Strategic Analysis Walt Disney Company Read MorePersonal Economics : Personal Finance1049 Words   |  5 Pagesyou thinking about personal finance issues at a point in your life when you still have time to benefit from the power of time in generating wealth to accomplish your other life goals. The financial decisions you make early in life with determine in great extent the quality of life you will enjoy later, especially given the turbulent and uncertain economic conditions. Money isn’t everything, but a lack of it will impact almost every aspect of your life and those who surround you. 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Gender Inequality in Italy and Sweden Essay - 3321 Words

Theresa Larsen Professor Eijmberts GLS102 24 November 2014 The Roots of Gender Inequality: What Accounts For the Differing Gender Inequalities in Sweden and Italy? On September 20th of this year, Emma Watson gave a powerful speech at the United Nations headquarters in New York to address the gender inequalities endured by women worldwide. Although most nations have possessed an increasing focus on gender equality in the past century, gender stereotypes and sexist customs continue to pervade the modern world. Despite initiatives taken to combat gender inequality, many developed European countries, notably Italy, have failed to give women equal rights. With a score of just 40.9 on the Gender Equality Index, it is clear that Italy has†¦show more content†¦This, in turn, reveals the reluctance of many Italian citizens to stray from traditional gender roles, which is ultimately a source of failing gender equality in Italy. Even though Italy has seen an increase in the number of women who go to school, its education system has failed to undergo the internal changes needed to shape values of equality within Italian citizens. The emphasis on gender equality in Swedish education can be viewed as partly responsible for the enforcement of other reforms aimed at promoting gender equality in Sweden, which are lacking in Italy. Some of these reforms include the reforms in the 1960s and 1970s aimed at increasing participation of married women in the labour market. These reforms included the â€Å"abolition of joint taxation† and other progressive reforms including publicly financed day care for children as well as very generous, sex neutral parental leave. These specific measures have helped promote equal responsibility for children between men and women and have ultimately facilitated married women’s ability to balance paid work with family life. 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Project Economics and Finance Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.

Question: Discuss about the Project Economics and Finance. Answer: Introduction The project undertakes the new setup of a business organization in the country Australia. The projects have made an analysis and discussion about the computation of the sensitivity and break-even analysis. It has made an analysis of the financial structure of the project. The report will proved useful for the established company because the same will provide information of significant character. Financial representation of the project undertaken The value of the market will be identified by the model of option pricing. It is helpful in the computation of the prices in future, the strike prices of an underlying nature along with the present prices (Frank Pamela, 2016). Sensitivity analysis The analysis measures the productivity or the level of profitability of the company attained even after the variety of changes occurring within the company. As per the analysis, the investment returns are impacted by the probable fluctuations in costs, rate of interest and a variety of variables. The analysis is helpful for the decision making process of investments. It depicts the result produced with the changes the companys budget and forecasted data (Ding VanderWeele, 2016). The sensitivity analysis is analyzed and evaluated as below: The analysis assists in the evaluation of the impact that is created by a number of fundamental parameters. The impact is created on the profits and returns of the projects. The parameters that have been considered for the analysis done above are the rate of inflation; rate of growth, WACC i.e. the Weighted Average Cost of Capital. Inflation The rate of inflation is one of the parameter that is creates the influence on the margins of profit and the returns. The rate is the factor related to the macro economy and it is seen from the above analysis that the margin of profit will have no effect. The average margin of gross profit will be stable at 22.22% and did not change irrespective of the change in the rate of inflation. The change in the rate of inflation from any rate i.e. 2%, 2.5% and even 3.5% did not have any effect on the gross profit margin of the company. With the change in rates of the inflation, in the case of the average margin of net profits, there were no considerable impacts on the margin. The margins had changed with smaller points i.e. from 3.52% to 3.63% 3.69% with changes in rate of 2%, 2.5% and even 3.5% respectively. With the change in rates of the inflation, in the case of the return on equity, there were no considerable impacts on the returns. The returns on equity had changed with smaller points i.e. from 19.79% to 20.84% 21.49% with changes in rate of 2%, 2.5% and even 3.5% respectively. There has been an increase in the net present values and also an increment in the rates of the IRR, ARR had taken place along with the profitability index of the company. Average Growth Rate The factor of the growth rate in average is one of the three parameters that indicate the profitability position of the company. The average margin of gross profit will be stable at 22.22% and did not change irrespective of the change in the rate of growth. The change in the rate of growth from any rate i.e. 3%, 5% and even 7% did not have any effect on the gross profit margin of the company. With the change in rates of the growth, in the case of the average margin of net profits, there was an increase in the margin. The margins had changed i.e. from 3.47%, 3.63%, and 3.78% with changes in rate of 3%, 5% and even 7% respectively (Ferretti et al., 2016). The net return on equity has increased 19.36%, 20.84%, and 22.32% respectively due to increase in rate of growth. There has been an increase in the net present values and also an increment in the rates of the IRR, ARR had taken place along with the profitability index of the company. The change in rate of the IRR and ARR were comparatively lower than the profitability index of the company. With the change in rates of the WACC, there have been no changes in the case of the average margin of net profits, gross profits or the ARR. There was a significant decline in the NPV value and also in the values of the profitability index of the project of the company with changes in WACC. The factor WACC can be managed and designed as per the necessity of the project as it is an internal factor and the other factors i.e. inflation and the rate of growth are noteworthy in the amount of effect created (Palley, 2016). Break-even analysis The analysis of the projects is used in the determination of the stage or point at which the generated profits and losses comes at a same level. The project feasibility is ascertained by the break even analysis and the analysis also demonstrates the margin of safety of the business. The analysis takes into account the variable, fixed and semi variable costs for the determination of the analysis of break even for the company. It has been calculated for a period of five years and it can be seen that there is a fixed cost that has an association with the increasing sale price per unit. The reason is the increment in the margin of safety and the increment in the sales is not necessary for the covering of the fixed cost in totality. The decline of the breakeven provides indication about the fact that there can be coverage of the fixed costs with the decline in the break even sales (Gatti et al., 2013). Projects Capital budgeting The viability of the project for the long term or future is identified and evaluated by the tools of the capital budgeting process. The method contains the calculation and assessment of the feasibility of the project implementation (Malenko, 2016). The procedures used include the determination of the net present value, profitability index, accounting rate of return, and internal rate of return. Year Particulars 0 1 2 3 4 5 Initial Investment: Purchase of Non-Current Assets -2575000 Preliminary Expenses -835000 Working Capital -2075000 Total Initial Investment -5485000 0 0 0 0 0 Net Operating Profit before Tax 0 865125 1042855 1232555 1435316 1652315 Less: Income Tax 0 200299.5 253618.4 310528.4 371356.8 436456.5 Net Operating Profit after Tax 0 1065425 1296473 1543083 1806673 2088771 Add: Depreciation Amortization 0 790000 766025 742932 720687.1 699257.9 Net Operating Cash Flow 0 1855425 2062498 2286015 2527360 2788029 Terminal Value: Sale of Non-Current Assets 560000 Recovery of Preliminary Expenses 42500 Recovery of Working Capital 2075000 Total Terminal Value 0 0 0 0 0 2677500 Net Annual Cash Flow -5485000 1855425 2062498 2286015 2527360 5465529 Discount Rate (WACC) 11.22% 11.22% 11.22% 11.22% 11.22% 11.22% Discounted Cash Flow -5485000 1668247 1667354 1661615 1651717 3211573 Net Present Value 4375506 IRR 20.84% Average Accounting Profit 733721 ARR 13.38% Profitability Index 79.77% The feasibility of the project is possible if the NPV of the project considered is positive in amount and in the given case, the NPV value is positive. The present value of the total outflows of cash is less than the present value of the total inflows. The value of NPV is positive that represents the higher rate of return. The NPV of project stands at $4,375,506. The internal rate of return is the rate at which the IRR of the company becomes zero. The IRR was 20.84% and as the value is high, the project is preferable. The project is considered profitable and feasible but the WACC is less that must be controlled as the IRR must be lower than the WACC. The Average accounting profit was positive and the amount is $733,721. The ARR stood at 13.38% (Hasan, 2013). The profitability index is the final technique used for estimating the viability of project. It helps in the quantification of the investment amount that gets created on the basis of unit invested. The index must be one to get accepted and if the index declines to lower than one, the project must not be accepted. Both the present and future values are taken into consideration for the calculation and the risks that are involved in the future cash flows are detected to some extent. The index of the project was 79.77% and the same is less than one. Thus, the project is not able to gain full profits from the investments in the starting year of the project (Iooss Lematre, 2015). Conclusion The procedures that have been used include the sensitivity analysis, break-even analysis, determination of the net present value, profitability index, accounting rate of return, and internal rate of return.The sensitivity analysis was done with respect to the net profit margin, gross profit margin and return on equity and each of them turned to be positive. On the other hand, there was a negative effect on profitability index and internal rate of return. The factor WACC can be managed and designed as per the necessity of the project as it is an internal factor and the other factors i.e. inflation and the rate of growth are noteworthy in the amount of effect created. The Break even analysis depicts that there is a fixed cost that has an association with the increasing sale price per unit. The reason is the increment in the margin of safety and the increment in the sales is not necessary for the covering of the fixed cost in totality. The decline of the breakeven provides indication ab out the fact that there can be coverage of the fixed costs with the decline in the break even sales. Therefore, by having a look at all the features the project is considered feasible and must be accepted. References Ding, P., VanderWeele, T. J. (2016). Sensitivity analysis without assumptions.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.),27(3), 368. Ferretti, F., Saltelli, A., Tarantola, S. (2016). Trends in sensitivity analysis practice in the last decade.Science of the Total Environment,568, 666-670. Frank, J. F., Pamela, P. P. (2016). Financial Management and Analysis. Gatti, S., Kleimeier, S., Megginson, W., Steffanoni, A. (2013). Arranger certification in project finance.Financial Management,42(1), 1-40. Hasan, M. (2013). Capital budgeting techniques used by small manufacturing companies. Iooss, B., Lematre, P. (2015). A review on global sensitivity analysis methods. InUncertainty Management in Simulation-Optimization of Complex Systems(pp. 101-122). Springer US. Kashyap, A. (2014). Capital Allocating Decisions: Time Value of Money.Asian Journal of Management,5(1), 106-110. Magni, C. A. (2016). An average-based accounting approach to capital asset investments: The case of project finance.European Accounting Review,25(2), 275-286. Malenko, A. (2016). Optimal dynamic capital budgeting. Palley, T. (2016).Financialization: the economics of finance capital domination. Springer. Pujol, G., Iooss, B., Janon, A. (2014). Sensitivity: Sensitivity analysis. R package version 1.10. 1. Tudor, C. L., Vega, C. (2014). A Review of Textual Analysis in Economics and Finance. InCommunication and Language Analysis in the Corporate World(pp. 122-139). IGI Global.

Critical Evaluation of Evidence Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthel

Question: Discuss about the Critical Evaluation of Evidence. Answer: Introduction: While more and more health research findings were published to contribute to the social life, there has been increasing concern about the quality and reliability of this information (Rai et al., 2016). Inaccurate findings may lead to imprecise applications. To prevent the misinformation, it is vital to critically appraise the existing scientific evidence for better understanding on which information can be considered as appropriate. According to Hill et al., (2001) he defined critical appraisal as a systematic process of examining evidence of the research to prove its validity, relevance, and results before using it to make the decision. This was an essential skill to informed decision-making in health care practice (Mhaskar et al., 2009). Body: Critical Appraisal of the first article of Hildt et al This part will critically appraise an article of Life context of pharmacological academic performance enhancement among university students - a qualitative approach from Hildt et al (2014). The first thing to do when analyzing a research paper is to look at the authors and their expertise, qualifications, and role in the study (Borbasi Jackson., 2016). This research was implemented by three authors named Elisabeth Hildt, Klaus Lieb and Andreas Gnter Franke. These researchers were all Professor with a lot of experiences on the research topic. Especially, the first author is an expert in neurotics as stated in the article. Through Google scholar, it is found that they had worked together on several related topics on illicit stimulants used for mental development. They also worked at the University of Mainz where the study was conducted. The research aim and questions were stated clearly in the abstract and introduction part. The sensation of pharmacological of enhancing academic performance using illicit and prescription stimulant like the Methylphenidate among the students in the university. The research question included: Why there is the use of stimulant by the student and other people in academic content? What are some of the effect experienced by users and the consideration of value? Do the leaners gain any academic advantage if they use a stimulant? What are the side effects experienced from the use of stimulant? And finally, what are some of the impacts on students life? The aim and questions of this study were specific and appropriate with authors research intention. From the literature review, it was evident that the author realized that there was lack of scientific pieces of evidence on the research topic that could be used to upkeep the pro/cognitive things in individuals who were healthy in line with the effect of smart drug. And the extent in which academic concert can be judged from getting high, parting, and other devotions are not well indicated. Besides, it was found that the widespread use of the potential cognitive drug on campuses and high school is about the very less pro-cognitive effect and side effects mentioned in the literature and given the probability of not taking drugs as prescribed and illegal drugs. It was also realized that there was no qualitative research on the topic. The explanation for the dominant sensation of academic enactment cannot be explained by the existing epidemiological studies. And can only be speculated concerning motivational factors and deeper reasons. Therefore the author may decide to eliminate some of the lack of empirical scientific data concerning real-world effects and contextual factors of academic performance enhancement. Regarding the research methodology; this was a qualitative research utilizing an extensive self-developed semi-structured interview guideline in a face-to-face setting. With the abovementioned type of research questions, a qualitative research was the most suitable method to answer them. Regarding sampling method, participants were accessed by public invitation through placards posting on public bulletin boards in the University of Mainz campus inquiring about student who had attempted to use illicit or prescription (psycho) stimulants for cognitive enhancement devotions to contact the research team secretly via email. The exclusion criteria of participant selection were shown in the method section. The study only accommodated healthy students who had no psychiatric disorder, and current doctors instructions of medication were accommodated in the findings. Due to this limitations, only a few students participated in an interview. Only 18 students have reported the non-medical use of illicit stimulants and a prescription for academic performance. And the article did not show any statement related to the saturation criteria of this population. The data analysis was conducted to ensure the objectivity with anonymous transcriptions and two independent raters. But the interviewer bias and recall bias had not discussed yet. In specific, it could be presented when the researchers asked about their experience on negative side effects or increase in mental performance or when the participant could exchange information and interview questions in advance. Hence the selection bias was pointed out and minimized by recruiting a trained psychologist and three trained interviewers. Besides, the research time and interview places were not mentioned in the article. Local Ethics of the Medical Association Rheinland approved this study, and each participant was given a free tape-recording for the entire session as well as a written informed consent of participating in the interview. So the authors followed the process of a study as shown in the book of Dickens (Dickens, 2010). Two rates were used to form independent categories. Further analysis was made using categories with congruent content which were formed by both rates. However, there was a consideration on the blinding for participants when they could inform each other about the interview questions. Six categories were identified by the author, and those categories were involving to the life setting of stimulant used to boost academic performance. In the result part entailing context of stimulant applied exceeding boosting of academic performance timing of use, subjective experience of enhancement, pressure performance, results of enhancement, pressure of performance, and objective academic results. These categories were presented by using narrative and verbatim quotes. Under each category, the authors gave the participants detailed views on the use of stimulants and CE to answer the respective research questions. In summary, it can be concluded that this article showed the appropriate research methods and matched findings with the research questions. Nevertheless, it still had some weaknesses such as some bias have not yet mentioned and discussed; no saturation criteria was stated; minor incorrect calculation: 38.9% ? 44.4% (n=8) prescription stimulants or the allowance shouldnt be informed in advance the selection process and interview Critical Appraisal of the second article of Munro et al This part will critically appraise an article of The relationship between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, academic outcomes and executive functioning from Munro et al (2017). The first author is doing her PhD program, and this research was a part of her doctoral dissertation accessible at the University of Rhode Island. The other three authors were PhD and had experiences on the research topic. They all were qualified to conduct this research. The main aim of the study is to distinguish the connection between executive function (EF) and nonmedical usage of prescription stimulants (NMUUPS) in a large sample of 5 regions in the US by the college students. Specifically, it was hypnotized that: There were high chances for the student who has reported EF as measured by BEFS to report the nonmedical use of prescribed stimulants than an average report of EF skills by another student. The performance of academic performance and EF would be moderated by NMUPS; Specifically, NMUPS was estimated to brace the relationship amid EF and academic brilliance. These hypotheses were appropriate with the literature presented in the introduction part. The author also found that there was difficulty in education for the students who were experiencing EF deficit and these students were being involved in risky behaviors. From the literature, it can be stated that the NMUPS are used by the students who have EF deficit to help them overcome this deficit so that they can excel in academic. However, up to now, no researcher has researched to determine the relationship between EF and NMUPS among the population of college students. So, they hope those study findings would be valuable in deceitful inhibition and intervention programs. Regarding research methods, this was a quantitative study using measures of The Stimulant Survey Questionnaire (SSQ), BDEFS and grade point average (GPA). Faculty and staff assisted in doing sampling. They forwarded emails containing a link to the survey to the students who were willing to participate and were eligible. The same data was also posted on the official Facebook web page of the public university to attract participants. The interested students who provided consent were interviewed. A total of 308 undergraduate students recruited from six public US universities. This sampling method also ensured the blinding enrolled for the study. However, it also revealed some selection and information bias that had been discussed in the limitation of the research. Instruments and its reliability and validity are the important criteria to evaluate the quality of research (Ingham-Broomfield, 2008) (Polit Hungler, 2013). The SSQ and BDEFS that respectively measure the nonmedical use of in struction stimulant medication in universities in the error of their time in school and to evaluate the measurement of EF of adults in daily life were necessary questionnaires to attend to the research question. Good reliability was demonstrated as a proof of high internal consistency. IRB proved this study at six public universities located in southern, northern, southwest, south-east, northwest, and central-Midwest of US but not from Ethical Committee. Additionally, no statement was declared for informed consent. Hence, it was not followed the standard of an ethical issue, and the participant might be not free from harm (Dickens, 2010). Regarding the results, it would be consistent with two above hypotheses and concisely presented by tables and interpretation that was more visual for the readers (Burns Grove., 2009) (Richardson-Tench et al., 2016). However, the information in the tables and the interpretation was not quite relevant. For instance, the population of the endorsed participant with an idea of students nonmedical use stimulant that is prescribed while reading, in the final week more than 71% use stimulant that is not prescribed. 70.5% are used during exams while during tests (62.7%) were shown in table 2 as wrote in the article. P value also was not marked in the tables. It was hard for readers to follow the research findings. To sum up, this study had some strengths involving in good instruments and data analysis, but the weakest points were ethical issue and presentation as well as interpretation of findings. The application of evidence in practice should not be ignored because of individual barriers of the study population (Greenhalgh et al., 2016). The targeted group was the students who normally lack understanding on using stimulants. As indicated in both studies, stimulants were used not only for academic performance enhancement but other purposes. They also have limited skills to refuse of using this kind of smart drugs. Besides, they lack research skill to understand thoroughly on the risk of using drugs whereas Munros study also has not proved the relationship between stimulant use and EF deficits. It is clear that there were limited readers in this research topic. The topic related to psychology and neuroscience is quite difficult that not everyone can understand it. Concerning organizational barriers, it was costly access these research papers. In other hands, the universities would not interfere too much with students life. Therefore, the support for the student will be lacking. Also, there was still a long way for researchers to have shreds of evidence on the risk of using smart drugs for academic enhancement. More resources and budget will be needed. In Munro et als article, the PICO elements were provided clearly while in Hildt et als study, there was no comparable group due to the type and design of this qualitative research. The population of two studies was also the university scholars who were popularly using the nonmedical use of prescription drugs Conclusion To sum up, the answer to the clinical question is unclear. It cant be concluded whether stimulants increase academic performance in university students or not. It depends much on the way to implement a study to produce research findings on that topic. Further studies should be conducted on this problem, and some meta-analysis based on applied research findings will be able to give the most reliable answer for that question. References Borbasi, S., Jackson, D. (Eds.). (2016). Navigating the maze of research: Enhancing nursing and midwifery practice. (4th ed.). Chatswood, Australia: Elsevier Dickens, B. M. (2010). Ethical issues in health.MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES-Volume VII, 92. Greenhalgh, T., Bidewell, J., Crisp, E., Lambros, A., Warland, J. (2016). Understanding Research Methods for Evidence-Based Practice in Health 1e. Grove, S. K., Burns, N., Gray, J. (2013). The practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis and generation of evidence (7th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier/Saunders Hildt, E., Lieb, K., Franke, A. G. (2014). Life context of pharmacological academic performance enhancement among university students - a qualitative approach. BMC Medical Ethics, 15(1), 23-23. doi:10.1186/1472-6939-15-23 Hill, A., Spittlehouse, C. (2001).What is critical appraisal?(Vol. 3). Hayward Medical Communications. Ingham-Broomfield, R. (2008). A nurses' guide to the critical reading of research.Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, The,26(1), 102. Mhaskar, R., Emmanuel, P., Mishra, S., Patel, S., Naik, E., Kumar, A. (2009). Critical appraisal skills are essential to informed decision-making.Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases,30(2), 112119. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7184.62770 Munro, B. A., Weyandt, L. L., Marraccini, M. E., Oster, D. R. (2017). The relationship between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, executive functioning and academic outcomes. Addictive Behaviors, 65, 250-257. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.08.023 Polit, F. D., Beck, C. T. (2013). Essentials Nursing Research Methods, Appraisal, and Utilization. Lippincott, Willams Wilkins. Raj, S., Sharma, V. L., Singh, A. J., Goel, S. (2016). Evaluation of Quality and readability of health information websites identified through indias major search engines.Advances in preventive medicine,2016. Richardson-Tench, M., Taylor, B., Kermode, S., Roberts, K. (2016). Inquiry in health care (5th [ACU] ed.). South Melbourne, Australia: Cengage Learning.